Practical Information
Visa & entry
Most nationalities require a visa. Obtain from Somali Embassy before travel; electronic visa processing is limited. Yellow fever vaccination certificate required if arriving from endemic countries. Passport valid for 6 months minimum. Entry through Mogadishu airport requires coordination with a recognized ground operator; independent arrival is inadvisable.
Money & payments
Somali Shilling (SOS) is the official currency, but US Dollars are widely accepted in urban areas and preferred by many businesses. Cash only; ATMs are few and unreliable. Bring sufficient cash in a combination of USD and SOS. Avoid carrying large amounts visibly. Hawala transfer system remains prevalent for money movement.
SIM cards & internet
Major providers: Hormuud, Golis, and Nationlink. SIM cards available at airport and major towns; rates are reasonable. 4G coverage in Mogadishu and Hargeisa, 3G/2G elsewhere. VPN use is unrestricted but internet speed is variable. Arrange connectivity before arrival if possible.
Getting around
Domestic air travel via carriers like Daallo Airlines or Safari Air is the safest intercity option. Road travel is high-risk due to armed checkpoints and banditry. Taxis exist in Mogadishu and other cities; negotiate fares beforehand. Hire drivers through trusted hotel or operator contacts. Avoid night driving entirely.
Health
Malaria, dengue, and typhoid are present. Prophylaxis recommended. Yellow fever vaccination required. Medical facilities in Mogadishu are extremely limited; serious cases require evacuation (arrange insurance with evacuation coverage before travel). Pharmacies in major towns stock basic medications. Bring comprehensive medical kit including antibiotics.
Language & etiquette
Somali and Arabic are primary languages; English is spoken in tourism and business sectors. Greetings are lengthy and relationship-building is central to interaction. Islam shapes daily life; ramadan fasting is observed, and public prayer times are respected. Dress modestly. Avoid photographing people without explicit permission. Show deference to elders and authority figures.
When to go
Two rainy seasons: Gu (April-June) and Dayr (October-November). Dry seasons are cooler and are the preferred travel window (December-March). Temperatures are hot year-round. Monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean influence northern coastal regions. Travel is inadvisable during rainy seasons due to both weather and heightened security volatility.
Getting there
Mogadishu Aden Adde International Airport (MGQ) is the main hub, with flights via Ethiopian Airlines, Kenya Airways, and regional carriers. Entry overland from Kenya is possible through border crossings in the south. The horn's geography means most travelers approach via air, and security situations change regularly; check advisories carefully.